Scientific publications

An analysis of earlier studies suggests that the relationship between muzzle length and breathing problems in dogs may be more complex than often assumed.

A study published in PLOS ONE shows that dogs with extremely short snouts have a significantly higher risk of severe breathing problems such as BOAS respiratory syndrome.

A study in PLOS ONE shows that the shorter and flatter a dog’s muzzle is, the higher the risk of severe breathing problems such as BOAS respiratory airway syndrome.

A review study shows that dogs with extremely short snouts often have multiple serious health problems, including breathing problems, overheating, and eye problems.